Online Encyclopedia of Silver Marks, Hallmarks & Makers' Marks
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Names: French: Argent German: Silber Italian: Argento Latin: Argentum Spanish: Plata
Basic Information: Atomic number: 47 Group number: 11 Mass: 107.868 Density @ 293 K: 10.5 g/cm3 Atomic volume: 10.3 cm3/mol Melting Point: 961.93 C (1235.1 K) Boiling Point: 2212 C (2428 K) Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 250.580 kJ/mol Number of Protons/Electrons: 47 Number of neutrons: 61 Classification: Transition Metal Crystal Structure: Face-centered Cubic Color: silver Hardness: 3.25 mohs Characteristics: soft, ductile, tarnishes Structure of atom:
Oxidation: Electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s1 Minimum oxidation number: 0 Maximum oxidation number: 3 Minimum oxidation state: 0 (silver occurs naturally in ores in its elemental state) Maximum oxidation state: 3 (the unit cell of silver oxide, Ag4O4, has two atoms of univalent silver and two atoms of trivalent silver) |
Energies: 1st ionization energy: 731 kJ/mole Electronegativity: 1.93 2nd ionization energy: 2073.5 kJ/mole Electron affinity: 125.6 kJ/mole 3rd ionization energy: 3360.6 kJ/mole Specific heat: 0.235 J/gK Heat atomization: 284 kJ/mole atoms Reactions: With air: mild, =>Ag2O With 6M HCl: none With 6M HCl: none With 15M HNO3: mild, =>AgNO3 Other Forms: number of isotopes: 2 hydride(s): none oxide(s): Ag2O chloride(s): AgCl Radius: ionic radius (2- ion): pm ionic radius (1- ion): pm atomic radius: 144 pm ionic radius (1+ ion): 129 pm ionic radius (2+ ion): 108 pm ionic radius (3+ ion): 89 pm Conductivity: Thermal conductivity: 429 J/m-sec-degC Electrical conductivity: 630.5 1/mohm-cm Electrical resistivity: 1.467 X 10-8 ohms-m (OoC) Polarizability: 7.9 A^3 Silver occurs in the metallic state, commonly associated with gold, copper, lead, and zinc. It is also found in some 60 minerals including: argentite (a sulfide), cerargyrite (a chloride), many other sulfides and tellurides. Relative abundance in solar system: -0.313 log Abundance earth's crust: -1.2 log | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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